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High-rise or tall buildings are the most influential figures in cities of the world as well as a man-made wonder that goes against the law of gravity by extending to the clouds. It expresses the uncompromising quest of humans to continue building higher (Ali and Al-Kodmany, 2012). High-rise buildings have been increasingly popular in the globe as a result of scarcity of land in densely populated regions of cities and countries as well as serving the primary role of being notable buildings and symbols in modern cities and capitals. Nevertheless, high-rise buildings are highly complex owing to the many numbers of structural elements and components as opposed to low-rise buildings. Additionally, these buildings require a high level of structural stability for design requirements and safety (Abbood, Jasim, and Weli, 2021).
Marsono, (2014) defined a tall or high-rise building as a building whose height is a major priority in its planning, design and use. Furthermore, He explained that a tall building is one whose tallness generates several conditions in the design, construction, and use when compared to other buildings. Coull and Ahmed, (1978) defined a high-rise building as a building which is noticeably higher than buildings surrounding it. Also, it has a proportion slender enough to look like a tall building. The construction of high-rise building began in ancient Rome with its four-story woody residence buildings using bricks (Farouk, 2011). According to Timler and Kulak, (1983), the construction of high-rise buildings began at the ending of the 19th century in Chicago, North America which evolved afterwards. Its possibility resulted from the inventions of the safe elevator in 1853 and the telephone in 1876 (Kishi et al., 1996) which allowed the conveyance of building materials to higher levels and communication among workers respectively. The materials used for building materials modified from wood and masonry to steel frames with lighter masonry walls. Buildings built earlier with heavy masonry walls was restricted to specific heights by its own self-weight. The emergence of steel frames led to the usage of thinner masonry as facade for weather protection and much higher buildings could be erected (Abbood, Jasim, and Weli, 2021).
Engineering Design Consultant (EDC) explicated that a tall building has a height of 35 m and above that is uniformly divided at intervals into accessible levels. The building must be erected on solid flooring and constructed over its total height through a standard process. High rise buildings or towers has a general height greater than 36 m or more than 12 stories and its utilization in several areas such as administrative, residential or in hotels. The height of these buildings can be influenced by horizontal or side loads due to wind and earthquake activities. Hence, the horizontal loads are vital in the design of these buildings and must be incorporated in its design for safety and stability. The construction of high-rise buildings keeps gaining the attention of constructors over the years. This exceptional feature in the built environment makes them vital and noticeable due to their height, conspicuousness, lucidity and dominance over other elements of the environmental landscape (Farouk, 2011).
In the structural design of a building, certain requirements must be met. Some of which include safe erection of building, operation of building without uncontrolled deformation or movement that can cause fatigue and cracks of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or structural members and ultimately failure of the whole building. Structural design must also take into consideration the movements and forces due to cracks, creep, temperature, and applied loads. Furthermore, verification must be made that the design is actualizable within acceptable manufacturing tolerances of the materials and economic viability. Ultimately, occupants’ convenience as well as not impeding the adaptation and functionality of architectural and building services such as to ventilation, electricity, lighting, lifts etc. (Saha et al., 2021). All of these requirements are to be accounted for in this design.
This study aims to design a reinforced concrete 15-storey residential building using structural design and drafting software.
The objectives of the project work are;
The identified research questions for this project are provided below:
The deliverables of this project are a project report, a complete manual design book of the structure showing reinforcements and structural members dimensions, software generated design worksheets, as well as AutoCAD sketched and detailed drawings of the structure. The design was done using British Standard codes; BS 8110 and BS 6399 codes of practice code.
This project focuses on designing and detailing a reinforced concrete 15-storey residential building using structural design and drafting software. Manual designs are also done. The importance of tall residential buildings in the 21st century cannot be over emphasized as they don’t only meet the need for shelter by people but also have economic, aesthetic, developmental, and urbanization advantages.
This project focuses on both secondary research as well as manual and software structural design and detailing. They are discussed below:
The secondary research in this project will utilize a systematic approach (Johnson et al., 2016) to review the previous works of literature. The steps involved in the systematic review of the literature are provided below:
The manual design of the project is a major aspect of it. It will occur in the following stages:
The risk assessment conducted for this project is provided in the table below:
Table 1: Risk assessment
Risk
Impact
Mitigation Plan
Inability to meet the deadline
Low
Get an extension from the supervisor in due time
Inability to get required process inputs
Refer to research institutes and skilled professionals and the supervisor for help
Inability to properly develop the process setup
Refer to supervisor and professionals for help
Insufficient data
Refer to journals and textbooks for help
Table 2: Project Plan
Task Name
Start Date
End Date
Duration (Days)
Initial Research
15/01/2022
29/01/2022
14
Proposal
06/02/2022
21
Secondary Research
26/02/2022
20
Introduction Chapter
31/02/2022
5
Literature Review Chapter
10/03/2022
10
Methodology Chapter
22/03/2022
12
Manual and Computer drawing
22/04/2022
30
Manual Design
22/05/2022
Software Design
01/06/2022
Presentation 1
16/06/2022
Checking the design
26/06/2022
Evaluation and comparison of Results
03/07/2022
7
Discussion Chapter
13/07/2022
Evaluation Chapter
18/07/2022
Conclusion Chapter
20/07/2022
2
Project Management Chapter
22/07/2022
Abstract and Report compilation
24/07/2022
Report Proofreading
04/08/2022
Presentation 2
14/08/2022
Abbood, I., Jasim, M. and Weli, S., 2021. High Rise Buildings: Design, Analysis, and Safety: An Overview. International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 8(1), pp.1-13.
Ali, M. and Al-Kodmany, K., 2012. Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat of the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Buildings, 2(4), pp.384-423.
Coull A. and Ahmed A.K., (1978). Deflections of Framed-Tube Structures, Journal of the Structural Division 104(5) 857-862.
Farouk A., 2011. High rise buildings and how they affect countries progression, CASA E-LEADER, Zagreb, Croatia.
Johnson, D., Deterding, S., Kuhn, K.A., Staneva, A., Stoyanov, S., and Hides, L., 2016. Gamification for health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature. Internet interventions, 6, pp.89-106.
Kishi, N., Chen, W., Goto, Y. and Hasan, R., 1996. Behavior of tall buildings with mixed use of rigid and semi-rigid connections. Computers & Structures, 61(6), pp.1193-1206.
Marsono A.K., 2014. Tall Building System Analysis and Design, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
Saha, S., Nur Ali, M., K. Chisanga, W. and Yasin, A., 2021. Design and Analysis of Multistorey (G+14) Residential Building Using Staad.Pro & Autocad. International Journal of Scientific Research in Civil Engineering, pp.70-82.
Timler P.A. and Kulak G.L., 1983. Experimental study of steel plate shear walls, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, p. 112.
Last updated: Jan 24, 2022 04:39 PM
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